A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Prize laureate. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour. See a full list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Each diploma is a unique work of art, created by leading Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers. Look at some of the diplomas here. Artist: Karin Mamma Andersson. Photo reproduction: Fredrika Berghult.
The front of the gold Nobel Prize medals depict Alfred Nobel. The image on the reverse varies according to the institution awarding the prize. Home Nobel Peace Prize History. In his last will Nobel declared that the whole of his remaining fortune of 31, 5 million Swedish crowns was to be invested in safe securities and should constitute a fund "the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind" Will The will specified in which fields the prizes should be awarded — physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature and peace — and which criteria the respective prize committees should apply when choosing their prize recipients.
Nobel Foundation In Sweden, however, Nobel's will triggered a lengthy legal battle with parts of the Nobel family. First award The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in Alfred Nobel Alfred Nobel's family descended from Olof Rudbeck, the most famous scientist in Sweden in the 17th century.
Alfred Nobel's will Alfred Nobel was very interested in cultural and peace-related issues, and the prizes he established reflect this:. Why Norway? The Nobel Prize medals in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and literature are identical on the face: it shows the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death The image on the reverse varies according to the institution awarding the prize.
More about the Nobel Prize medals. More about the Nobel Prize diplomas. More about the Nobel Prize amount. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head.
A laurel wreath is a circular crown made of branches and leaves of the bay laurel in Latin: Laurus nobilis. In Ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour — both in athletic competitions and in poetic meets.
Photo: Alexander Mahmoud Since the start, in , there are some years when the Nobel Prizes have not been awarded. Physics: , , , , , Chemistry: , , , , , , , Physiology or Medicine: , , , , , , , , Literature: , , , , , , Peace: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Economic sciences: — Nobel Prize laureates and affiliation Here you can find out which universities, research institutions or companies Nobel Prize laureates were affiliated with at the time of the Nobel Prize announcement.
Anderson Physics 3 September 31 Paul A. Dirac Physics 8 August 32 Frederick G. Two Nobel Prize laureates declined the prize Jean-Paul Sartre , awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had consistently declined all official honours.
Bardeen M. Curie L. Posthumous Nobel Prizes From , the Statutes of the Nobel Foundation stipulate that a prize cannot be awarded posthumously, unless death has occurred after the announcement of the Nobel Prize. Read more about Marie and Pierre Curie and the discovery of polonium and radium More about Nobel Prize awarded couples. Kornberg Manne Siegbahn Kai M.
Siegbahn J. The Nobel Prize diplomas Each Nobel Prize diploma is a unique work of art, created by foremost Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers. Leymah Gbowee — Nobel Prize diploma. Esther Duflo. John B. Arthur Ashkin. Peyton Rous. Doris Lessing. Joseph Rotblat.
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