This scratching can lead to hair loss and uncomfortable skin irritations. Why should I care about ticks? Ticks can be found anywhere in the United States—any time of year in both rural and urban environments 9 Ticks can spread several diseases in cats 9,11 They can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions 9,11 Revolution Plus kills 3 types of ticks for a full month after one dose, including black-legged ticks a. Ear mites. Why should I care about ear mites? Why should I care about roundworms?
Why should I care about hookworms? Why should I care about heartworms? Start the Quiz. Suggested Articles. How is Revolution Plus different from Revolution? What parasites does Revolution Plus protect against? My cat only lives indoors. Is parasite protection necessary?
Are ticks common in cats? How can I decide which pest protection is best for my cat? How do I apply Revolution Plus to my cat? What are the side effects of Revolution Plus for cats? Is Revolution Plus safe for cats and kittens? Where is Revolution Plus manufactured? Zoetis manufactures Revolution Plus in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Where can I get Revolution Plus? February Data on file. Zoetis Inc. Cat Owners — Fleas. Companion Animal Parasite Council. Accessed September Fleas — Cat.
Foil CS. Flea Allergy. Accessed June Cat Owners — Ticks. Geographic distribution of ticks that bite humans. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. All rights reserved. United States Close X. For animals. For health. For you. For years, this was such a major obstacle that few scientists even considered using it for vaccines. It was a painstaking process that, Weissman says, killed a lot of mice before they finally found the successful formula.
But in , one of her constructs worked. In effect, this opened the lines of communication between our cells and mRNA messages created by scientists. She helped you think about all the possibilities. This is nice, she says, although the constant requests for interviews encroach on her work. And more important than any plaudits is the fact that thousands of scientists have now come around to her way of thinking. The pandemic has put it in the spotlight, and scientists are eager to find out if its success against coronavirus can be replicated.
A disease that most people consider under control, influenza still kills over , people worldwide most years. This is despite more than one billion yearly flu shots. That may be putting it mildly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC , which tracks the efficacy of the vaccine in the US every year, they rarely achieve even 50 per cent protection. For the flu season it was just 29 per cent; some years it is as low as ten per cent. But his main project, stretching back to before the coronavirus pandemic, targets flu.
The problem with current flu vaccines lies in the mismatch between the elusive nature of the influenza virus and the rather antiquated and slow method we use to make a vaccine against it — a process mRNA seems tailor-made to replace. The illness we call flu is caused by several different species of the influenza virus, and each species is highly mutable meaning it can change very rapidly.
This means a new vaccine is required each year against the deadliest strains, and even as the vaccine is being made, the virus continues mutating. This would seem to require a rapidly adaptable and changeable vaccine — and the seasonal flu vaccine is not that. The first commercial flu vaccine was licensed in the US in , and we make it nearly the very same way today. The whole thing is slow, taking several months from ID-ing the target strains to growing the eggs to harvesting the vaccine.
For most pathogens, this approach has long since been supplanted by a technology called recombinant protein vaccines, where a single piece of the virus — a viral protein — is grown in a laboratory. This is what the recently approved Novavax vaccines use. If the right target is chosen, just that single piece can prime the immune system as effectively as a whole virus — with significantly less mess.
But they have their own downsides. Proteins are complex molecules, and they can be tough to grow in a laboratory. Your body is already a wondrous protein factory. A million times more efficient than any lab on Earth, its cells make trillions of proteins for normal bodily function every single day.
This gives mRNA a massive speed advantage over traditional methods, meaning the flu virus would have less time to mutate before a vaccine arrives. You could make a huge batch in two weeks. A more effective flu vaccine would already be a big step, but Pardi and his group are reaching beyond that, trying to create a vaccine that targets the core, unchangeable structures of the influenza virus.
Decades of research suggest many likely targets on the influenza virus for such a vaccine, but targeting multiple sites across multiple influenza strains quickly ramps up the complexity and costs for the traditional approach. Four proteins, and their variants, in multiple strains. In the next few years we will learn a lot about how the technology works.
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