This has lead ASL to develop different methods of expression Liddell These differing methods have manifested themselves in many facets of dialog. For example, pluralization is often expressed in spoken English through the adding of prefixes and suffixes. While this does occur in ASL, it is very rare, as it can also be done so many other ways, such as signing a quantifier sign, reduplicating the sign, or incorporating a number directly into the sign.
Time is also expressed differently in ASL. In English, tenses are amended to verbs to indicate when they occurred; in ASL there is an "imaginary time line running from behind the speaker's body the past [ One of the reasons for the confusion surrounding ASL's identity is the practice of glossing signs with English words.
While a necessary and useful translation method, assigned word glosses are often "inadequate and approximate," as so much of the meaning surrounding a sign depends on the context in which it is placed.
Furthermore, word glosses may "mislead one to suppose that the sign and word are grammatical as well as semantic counterparts," but this would be an incorrect assumption, as ASL uses "a different system of syntax. Signed English is a way of using gestures and signs to "represent specific English words. Signed English is frequently used as a way for ASL signers to communicate with others who may be less familiar with ASL and its divergent syntax.
At a first glance, it's easy to look at the intertwining of English and ASL and assume that the latter is based on the former.
The common translation method of glossing ASL signs with English words and the practice of Signed English can add to the confusion. Another thing Chiang said about ASL deserves comment:.
Chiang is right, but not because ASL is manual. It's true that ASL is the language of people who live in an English-speaking environment, and that most or all adult ASL speakers or "speakers", if you want to emphasize the non-oral medium are literate in English.
But that's because they are bilingual, just as most Hispanics and other linguistic minorities who live in the U. They are expressed by two different signs in ASL, just as they are expressed by two different words in French, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, and most other languages.
Right opposite of "wrong" Right opposite of "left". Like the words of other languages, ASL signs express meanings, not English words. A single ASL sign can express an entire sentence that requires three words or more in English. For example, the signs below mean "I ask her," and "she asks me. I ask her She asks me. The hand's orientation and the direction in which it moves indicate who is asking whom.
English requires three different words to express "ask," the person asking, and the person asked. In ASL the complex meanings "I ask her" and "she asks me" are each expressed by a single sign. A single ASL sign can express even more.
Adding a circular movement to these signs produces signs meaning "I ask her for a long time" and "she asks me for a long time:". I ask her for a long time She asks me for a long time. Changing the movement in other ways produces signs meaning "I ask her repeatedly," "I ask her continually," "she asks me repeatedly," "she asks me continually," and others. These meanings, which English needs four words or more to express, are expressed with only one sign in ASL.
ASL has many ways of combining into a single sign complex meanings that can only be expressed with a sequence of words in English. This is one of the many differences between ASL grammar and English grammar. ASL does not lack grammar; it has a grammar of its own that is different from that of English. Yes-no questions illustrate another difference between ASL grammar and English.
To change an English declarative sentence to a question, one changes the word order, sometimes adding a form of the verb "do. The difference between a statement and a question is indicated on the face: when a yes-no question is signed, the eyebrows are raised. In an ASL conversation, signers do not watch each other's hands; they maintain eye contact, watching each other's faces.
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