The tonic chord is a home base; most chords are triads; cadences are more or less predictable and involve harmonic resolution. Both horizontal and vertical orders are established, and every musical event has a functional role in the sequence: direction and motion, expectation, resolution, dissonance or consonance, intensity, relaxation, cadence, phrase, punctuation, tempo, rhythm.
Primary goals e. Organization of sound determines aspects of our experience. That's functional tonality. Steve Reich. See more More periods. Elgar — See more Elgar — Vaughn Williams — See more Vaughn Williams — Prokofiev See more Prokofiev Shostakovich — See more Shostakovich — Britten See more Britten Rutter present See more Rutter present.
Top 20th Century pieces Buy CD. The USA was now a force to be reckoned with in the world of classical composition for the first time, and a number of American composers looked towards the artform for inspiration, including Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland and George Gerswhin. Composers also continued to incorporate their native folk music in their work, which was a tradition that began in the Romantic period.
Starting in the s, the minimalist school focused on using minimal musical material and making use of repetitive patterns, loops and electronic techniques, reflecting technological advances of the day.
This music was generally more consonant-sounding and less overtly challenging than the modernist school, and composers like Phillip Glass and Steve Reich became incredibly popular:. By taking recorded sounds — of instruments, the human voice or the natural environment, for example — composers like Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen would manipulate these raw materials and turn them into sort of musical collages. As the 20th Century continued, people came up with various inventive ways of challenging the very meaning of composition.
Often this means that the performer gets to determine how part of the piece should be played, perhaps with a freely improvised section. American composer John Cage used aleatoric elements in his music, in addition to a pioneering approach to instrumentation. He made use of a prepared piano, which has objects placed on or between the strings to alter its sound, often making it more percussive. We are not used to hearing them, so they sound dissonant and out of tune to our ears, but they actually require instruments to be tuned incredibly precisely.
The internet has made music more accessible, making it easier for sub-genres to cross-pollinate and influence each other more easily. You can unlock new opportunities with unlimited access to hundreds of online short courses for a year by subscribing to our Unlimited package. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. Learn more about this course.
A Brief History of Music in the 20th Century In this article, Hans Zeiner-Henriksen discusses the listening experience in jazz and popular music genres. Zeiner-Henriksen, University of Oslo.
Share this post. Music scenes developed quickly in the 20th century, and many large changes came about. The most radical change was probably that music now could be experienced without any performers present.
The 20th century was the first century of recorded music. Want to keep learning? This content is taken from University of Oslo online course,.
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